Abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin niƙa na niƙa

Ayyukan niƙa na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa yana shafar abubuwa da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai manyan su: nau'in motsi na ƙwallon ƙarfe a cikin silinda, saurin juyawa, ƙari da girman ƙwallon karfe, matakin kayan aiki. , zaɓin layin layi da amfani da wakili mai niƙa. Wadannan abubuwan suna da tasiri a kan ingancin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa wani matsayi.

Zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, siffar motsi na matsakaicin niƙa a cikin silinda yana rinjayar ingancin niƙa na ƙwallon ƙwallon. An raba muhallin aikin injin niƙa zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:
(1) A cikin kewaye da fadowa motsi yanki, adadin cikawa a cikin silinda ya ragu ko ma a'a, don haka abu zai iya yin motsi na madauwari guda ɗaya ko fadowa a cikin silinda, da kuma yiwuwar tasiri na ƙwallon karfe da karfe. ball ya zama ya fi girma, yana haifar da lalacewa tsakanin ƙwallon karfe da layin layi, yana kara sa injin ƙwallon ba ya aiki;
(2) Sauke yankin motsi, cika adadin da ya dace. A wannan lokacin, ƙwallon ƙarfe yana da tasiri a kan kayan aiki, yana yin tasiri mai kyau na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa;
(3) A cikin yankin da ke kusa da tsakiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, motsi na madauwari na ƙwallon ƙarfe ko haɗuwa da fadowa da zubar da motsi ya sa kewayon motsi na ƙwallon ƙafa yana iyakance, kuma lalacewa da tasiri yana da ƙananan;
(4) A wurin da ba kowa ba, ƙwallon karfe ba ya motsawa, idan adadin cika ya yi yawa, motsi na ƙwallon karfe yana da ƙananan ko kuma baya motsawa, to zai haifar da asarar albarkatu, sauƙi don yin ƙwal. gazawa.
Ana iya gani daga (1) cewa lokacin da adadin cika ya yi kadan ko a'a, injin ƙwallon yana fuskantar babban asara, wanda galibi ya fito ne daga tasirin ƙwallon ƙarfe akan kayan. Yanzu babban niƙa na ƙwallon ƙafa yana kwance, don a rage asarar injin ɗin yadda ya kamata ba wani abu ba, akwai injin ƙwallon a tsaye.
A cikin kayan aikin niƙa na gargajiya, silinda na injin ƙwallon yana jujjuya, yayin da silinda na kayan haɗakarwa a tsaye yake, wanda galibi ya dogara ne akan na'urar haɗakarwa don tada hankali da motsa ƙwallon ƙarfe da kayan da ke cikin ganga. Kwallon da kayan suna juyawa a cikin kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin aikin na'urar haɗakarwa ta tsaye, don haka kayan aiki kawai yana aiki akan ƙwallon karfe har sai an murƙushe shi. Don haka ya dace sosai don ayyukan niƙa mai kyau da ayyukan niƙa mai kyau.

02 Sauri Muhimmin siga mai aiki na injin niƙa shine saurin, kuma wannan siga mai aiki yana shafar ingancin niƙa na ƙwallon ƙwallon kai tsaye. Lokacin yin la'akari da juzu'in juzu'i, ya kamata kuma a yi la'akari da ƙimar cikawa. Matsakaicin cika yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da ƙimar juyawa. Ci gaba da cika adadin lokacin da ake tattaunawa akan juyi a nan. Ko da menene yanayin motsi na cajin ƙwallon ƙwallon, za a sami ƙimar juyi mafi dacewa a ƙarƙashin wani ƙimar cikawa. Lokacin da aka daidaita ƙimar cikawa kuma ƙimar juyawa ta yi ƙasa, ƙarfin da aka samu ta ƙwallon ƙarfe yana da ƙasa, kuma tasirin tasirin akan kayan yana da ƙasa, wanda zai iya zama ƙasa da ƙimar kofa na murƙushe tama kuma yana haifar da tasiri mara tasiri akan ma'adinai. barbashi, wato, tama barbashi ba za a karya, don haka nika yadda ya dace na low gudun ne low. Tare da haɓakar saurin gudu, tasirin tasirin ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana tasiri kayan yana ƙaruwa, don haka yana haɓaka ƙimar murkushe ɓangarorin ma'adinai, sa'an nan kuma haɓaka haɓakar niƙa na injin ƙwallon ƙwallon. Idan gudun ya ci gaba da karuwa, lokacin da yake kusa da sauri mai mahimmanci, samfurori na hatsi ba su da sauƙi don karyawa, wannan shi ne saboda bayan da sauri ya yi yawa, ko da yake ana iya ƙara tasirin ƙwallon ƙarfe, amma yawan hawan keke. na ƙwallon ƙarfe ya ragu da yawa, adadin tasirin ƙwallon ƙarfe a kowane lokaci naúrar ya ragu, kuma yawan murkushe ɓangarorin tama ya ragu.

03 Ƙari da girman ƙwallan karfe
Idan adadin ƙwallan ƙarfe da aka ƙara bai dace ba, diamita na ƙwallon ƙwallon ba su da ma'ana, to hakan zai haifar da raguwar haɓakar niƙa. Tufafin injin ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin tsarin aiki yana da girma, kuma babban ɓangare na dalilin shi ne, ƙwallon ƙarfe na wucin gadi ba a sarrafa shi da kyau, wanda ke haifar da tarin ƙwallon ƙarfe da al'amarin manne ƙwallon, sannan ya haifar da ƙwallon ƙafa. wani lalacewa ga injin. A matsayin babban wurin niƙa ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, ya zama dole a sarrafa ba kawai adadin ƙwallon ƙarfe da aka ƙara ba har ma da rabonsa. Ingantaccen matsakaicin niƙa na iya ƙara haɓakar niƙa da kusan 30%. A cikin aiwatar da niƙa, tasirin tasirin ya fi girma kuma ƙarancin niƙa ya fi ƙanƙanta lokacin da diamita ball ya fi girma. Diamita na ball yana da ƙananan, tasirin tasirin yana da ƙananan, ƙwayar niƙa yana da girma. Lokacin da diamita na ball ya yi girma sosai, adadin kayan da ke cikin silinda yana raguwa, yanki mai nika na nauyin ƙwallon yana da ƙananan, kuma za a ƙara yawan lalacewa da kuma cinye kwallon. Idan diamita na ƙwallon ya yi ƙanƙanta, tasirin cushioning na kayan yana ƙaruwa, kuma tasirin niƙa zai raunana.
Don ƙara haɓaka aikin niƙa, wasu mutane sun gabatar da ainihin hanyar ƙwallon kwalliya:
(l) Sieve bincike na takamaiman ma'adinai da tara su gwargwadon girman barbashi;
(2) Ana nazarin juriyar murƙushe ma'adinan, kuma ana ƙididdige ainihin diamita na ƙwallon ƙwallon da kowane rukuni na ɓangarorin ma'adinai ke buƙata ta hanyar ƙirar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙayyadaddun ka'ida;
(3) Dangane da halayen abubuwan da ke tattare da girman nau'in kayan da za a yi ƙasa, ana amfani da ka'idar murkushe injiniyoyin ƙididdiga don jagorantar abun da ke cikin ƙwallon, kuma ana aiwatar da rabon ƙwallan ƙarfe daban-daban akan ka'idar samun matsakaicin. yuwuwar murƙushewa;
4) Ana lissafin ƙwallon ƙwallon akan lissafin ƙwallon ƙwallon, kuma ana rage nau'ikan ƙwallo kuma ana ƙara nau'ikan 2 ~ 3.

04 Matakan kayan aiki
Matsayin kayan yana rinjayar ƙimar cikawa, wanda zai shafi tasirin niƙa na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa. Idan matakin kayan ya yi tsayi da yawa, zai haifar da toshe gawayi a cikin injin niƙa. Sabili da haka, ingantaccen saka idanu na matakin kayan yana da matukar mahimmanci. A lokaci guda, amfani da makamashi na ƙwallon ƙwallon yana da alaƙa da matakin kayan. Don tsarin jujjuyawar ajiya na tsaka-tsaki, yawan wutar da ake amfani da shi na injin ball yana da kusan kashi 70% na yawan wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da shi na tsarin jujjuyawar da kuma kusan kashi 15% na yawan wutar lantarkin na shuka. Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke shafar tsarin ɓarkewar ajiya na tsakiya, amma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwa da yawa, ingantaccen dubawa na matakin kayan yana da matukar muhimmanci.

05 Zaɓi layin layi
Farantin rufi na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ba zai iya rage lalacewar silinda kawai ba, amma kuma yana canja wurin makamashi zuwa matsakaicin niƙa. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin niƙa na ƙwallon ƙwallon yana ƙaddara ta wurin aiki na layin layi. A aikace, an san cewa don rage lalacewar Silinda da kuma inganta aikin nika, ya zama dole don rage zamewar tsakanin matsakaicin nika da layin layi, don haka babban amfani shine canza siffar layin aiki da kuma ƙara yawan aiki. gogayya coefficient tsakanin liner da nika matsakaici. An yi amfani da babban layin ƙarfe na manganese a baya, kuma yanzu akwai layin roba, layin maganadisu, layin karkace mai kusurwa, da sauransu. Waɗannan allunan rufin da aka gyara ba wai kawai sun fi manyan allunan rufin ƙarfe na manganese ba a cikin aiki, amma kuma suna iya tsawaita rayuwar aikin ƙwallon ƙafa yadda ya kamata. The nika yadda ya dace za a iya inganta yadda ya kamata ta inganta motsi jihar, juya kudi, ƙara da girman karfe ball, abu matakin da kuma rufi kayan ingancin ball niƙa.