Babban labarin ma'adinai na duniya na 2023

Kasuwannin ƙarfe da ma'adinai suna da ƙarfi a mafi kyawun lokuta - rugujewar farashin nickel, cobalt da lithium a cikin 2023 ya kasance matsananci amma ba gaba ɗaya ba. Masu kera ƙasa da ba safai ba, masu sa ido na rukunin platinum, masu bin taman ƙarfe, da kwarin gwal da azurfa na wannan al'amari, sun kasance cikin muni.

Kamfanonin hakar ma'adinan sun zama mafi kyawu a cikin magudanar ruwa, amma tilasta rufe daya daga cikin manyan ma'adinan tagulla da aka yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya zama abin tunatarwa game da babban hadarin da masu hakar ma'adinai ke fuskanta sama da sauye-sauyen kasuwa.

Panama ta rufe katuwar ma'adinan tagulla

Bayan shafe watanni ana zanga-zanga da matsin lamba na siyasa, a karshen watan Nuwamba gwamnatin Panama ta ba da umarnin rufe ma'adinan Cobre Panama na First Quantum Minerals na Cobre Panama, biyo bayan hukuncin da kotun kolin kasar ta yanke na ayyana kwangilar aikin hakar ma'adinai.saba tsarin mulki.

Jami'an jama'a ciki har da mai fafutukar yanayi Greta Thunberg da 'yar wasan HollywoodLeonardo Di Capriogoyon bayan zanga-zangar daraba bidiyosuna kira ga "mega mine" don dakatar da ayyukan, wanda da sauri ya shiga hoto.

Sanarwar ta FQM ta baya-bayan nan a ranar Juma'a ta ce gwamnatin Panama ba ta ba da wata ka'ida ta doka ba ga kamfanin da ke Vancouver.bin tsarin rufewa, shirin da ma'aikatar masana'antu ta tsakiyar Amurka ta ce za a gabatar da shi ne kawai a watan Yunin shekara mai zuwa.

FQMya shigarsanarwa guda biyu na sasantawa kan rufe ma'adinan da ba a fara aiki ba tun masu zanga-zangartoshe hanyar zuwa tashar jigilar kayayyakia watan Oktoba. Koyaya, sasantawa ba zai zama abin da kamfanin ya fi so ba, in ji Shugaba Tristan Pascall.

Bayan tashe tashen hankula, FQM ta ce kamata ya yi ta sanar da jama'a yawan kudin da aka samu na dala biliyan 10, kuma a yanzu za ta kara yin cudanya da 'yan kasar Panama gabanin zaben kasa a shekara mai zuwa. Hannun jarin FQM sun karu a cikin makon da ya gabata, amma har yanzu suna cinikin sama da kashi 50 cikin dari a kasa da babban abin da aka samu a watan Yulin wannan shekarar.

Rawar jan ƙarfe da aka yi hasashe yana ƙafewa

Rufewar Cobre Panama da rikice-rikicen aiki da ba zato ba tsammani ya tilastawa kamfanonin hakar ma'adinin tagulla su rage fitar da kayayyaki ya ga kwatsam cire kusan tan 600,000 na wadatar da ake sa ran zai yi, yana motsa kasuwa daga babban rarar da ake sa ran zuwa ma'auni, ko ma gaira.

Shekaru biyu masu zuwa ya kamata su zama lokacin yalwar jan karfe, godiya ga jerin manyan sabbin ayyukan da suka fara a duniya.

Abin da ake fata a yawancin masana'antar shine don samun ragi mai gamsarwa kafin kasuwa ta sake tsanantawa daga baya cikin shekaru goma yayin karuwar bukatarmotocin lantarkikumasabunta makamashi kayayyakin more rayuwaana sa ran zai yi karo da rashin sabbin ma'adanai.

Madadin haka, masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta ba da haske kan yadda wadataccen wadatar zai iya zama mai rauni - ko saboda adawar siyasa da zamantakewa, wahalar haɓaka sabbin ayyuka, ko kuma kawai ƙalubalen yau da kullun na jan duwatsu daga zurfin ƙasa.

Farashin lithium ya fadi akan hauhawar kayan aiki

An rage farashin lithium a cikin 2023, amma hasashen shekara mai zuwa bai yi nisa ba. Lithium bukatar dagamotocin lantarkihar yanzu yana girma cikin sauri, amma martanin samar da kayayyaki ya mamaye kasuwa.

Samar da lithium na duniya, a halin yanzu, zai yi tsalle da kashi 40% a cikin 2024, in ji UBS a farkon wannan watan, zuwa fiye da tan miliyan 1.4 na lithium carbonate daidai.

Fitowa a cikin manyan masu samarwa Australia daLatin AmurkaBankin ya ce, zai karu da kashi 22% da kashi 29%, yayin da a Afirka ake sa ran zai ninka, bisa ayyukan da ake yi a Zimbabwe.

Har ila yau, samar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin zai haura da kashi 40 cikin 100 nan da shekaru biyu masu zuwa, in ji UBS, wanda wani babban aikin CATL ya jagoranta a kudancin lardin Jiangxi.

Bankin zuba jari yana tsammanin farashin lithium carbonate na kasar Sin zai iya faduwa da sama da kashi 30 cikin dari a shekara mai zuwa, inda zai ragu da kasa da yuan 80,000 ($14,800) kan kowace tan a shekarar 2024, wanda ya kai kusan yuan 100,000, kwatankwacin farashin kayayyaki a Jiangxi, babban yankin samar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin. sinadarai.

Har yanzu kadarorin lithium suna cikin bukatu da yawa

A cikin watan Oktoba, Albemarle Corp.ya yi tafiya daga dalar Amurka biliyan 4.2na Liontown Resources Ltd., bayan mace mafi arziki a Ostiraliya ta gina ƴan tsirarun da ke hana ƴan tsiraru kuma ta yi nasarar lalata ɗaya daga cikin manyan yarjejeniyar-karfe na baturi zuwa yau.

Ƙaunar ƙara sabon wadata, Albemarle ya bi manufarsa ta tushen Perth na tsawon watanni, yana maido da aikin Kathleen Valley - ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ajiya na Ostiraliya. Liontown ya amince da tayin "mafi kyau kuma na ƙarshe" na kamfanin Amurka na $ 3 rabo a watan Satumba - kusan ƙimar 100% akan farashi kafin a ba da sha'awar karɓar Albemarle a bainar jama'a a cikin Maris.

Dole ne Albemarle ta fuskanci isowar hamshakin attajirin hakar ma'adinai Gina Rinehart, a matsayinta na Hancock Prospecting.ya canza zuwa +19.9% ​​idan aka kwatanta da jiyain Liontown. A makon da ya gabata, ta zama mai saka hannun jari daya tilo, tare da isashen karfin da zai iya hana kuri'ar masu hannun jari kan yarjejeniyar.

A watan Disamba, SQM ta haɗu tare da Hancock Prospecting don yin tayin dala biliyan 1.7 (dala biliyan 1.14) ga mai haɓaka lithium na Australiya Azure Minerals, in ji ɓangarorin uku a ranar Talata.

Yarjejeniyar za ta baiwa kamfanin samar da lithium mai lamba 2 na duniya SQM kafa a Ostiraliya tare da hannun jari a aikin Azure's Andover da kuma hadin gwiwa da Hancock, wanda ke da kayayyakin aikin jirgin kasa da kuma kwarewar gida wajen bunkasa ma'adanai.

Chile, Mexico sun mallaki lithium

Shugaban kasar Chile Gabriel Boric ya sanar a watan Afrilu cewa gwamnatinsa za ta mayar da masana'antar lithium na kasar karkashin ikon jihar, ta hanyar yin amfani da tsarin da jihar za ta hada gwiwa da kamfanoni don ba da damar ci gaban cikin gida.

Themanufofin da aka dade ana jiraBoric ya ce a cikin na biyu mafi girma a duniya na samar da karafan baturi ya hada da samar da kamfanin lithium na kasa.a gidan talabijin na kasa.

Shugaban kasar Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador a watan Satumba ya ce ana yin nazari kan lamunin lithium na kasar, bayan da Ganfeng na kasar Sin a watan da ya gabata ya nuna cewa an soke yarjejeniyar lithium ta Mexico.

López Obrador a hukumance ya ba da izinin ajiyar lithium na Mexico a farkon wannan shekara da kuma a watan Agusta, Ganfeng ya ce hukumomin hakar ma'adinai na Mexico sun ba da sanarwa ga rassanta na cikin gida da ke nuna cewa an soke tara daga cikin rangwamen da ta samu.

Zinariya don ginawa akan shekarar kafa rikodin

Farashin gwal na gaba na New York ya kafa mafi girma a farkon watan Disamba kuma yana kama da zai zarce kololuwar shiga sabuwar shekara.

Matsakaicin farashin zinare na London ya kai dala 2,069.40 a kowane oza a gwanjon yammacin ranar Laraba, wanda ya zarce dala 2,067.15 da aka yi a baya a watan Agustan 2020, in ji kungiyar Kasuwar Bullion ta London (LBMA).

"Ba zan iya tunanin babu wani karin haske game da rawar zinari a matsayin kantin sayar da kima fiye da sha'awar da masu zuba jari a duk faɗin duniya suka juya zuwa ƙarfe yayin rikice-rikicen tattalin arziki da yanayin siyasa na baya-bayan nan," in ji babbar jami'ar LMBA Ruth Crowell.

JPMorgan ya annabta sabon rikodin baya a cikin Yuli amma yana tsammanin sabon babban zai faru a cikin kwata na biyu na 2024. Tushen kyakkyawan fata na JPMorgan na 2024 - faɗuwar farashin ribar Amurka - ya kasance cikakke:

"Bankin yana da matsakaita farashin dala $2,175 na oza na bullion a cikin kwata na karshe na 2024, tare da hadarin da ke tattare da kifaye kan hasashen koma bayan tattalin arzikin Amurka mai sauki wanda zai iya kaiwa wani lokaci kafin Fed ya fara sauki."

Ko da a lokacin da zinariya ya hau sabon kololuwa, binciken da aka kashe a kan ƙarfe mai daraja ya tsoma. Wani bincike da aka buga a watan Nuwamba gabaɗayan kasafin kuɗin haƙar ma'adinai ya faɗi a wannan shekara a karon farko tun 2020, inda ya ragu da kashi 3% zuwa dala biliyan 12.8 a kamfanoni 2,235 waɗanda suka ware kuɗi don nemo ko faɗaɗa adibas.

Duk da farashin zinare mai kyalli, kasafin binciken zinare, wanda a tarihi ya fi kowane ƙaramin ƙarfe ko ma'adinai, ya ragu da kashi 16% ko dala biliyan 1.1 a duk shekara zuwa ƙasa da dala biliyan 6, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 46% na jimlar duniya.

Wannan ya ragu daga kashi 54 cikin 100 a cikin 2022 a cikin mafi yawan kashe kuɗi akan lithium, nickel da sauran karafa na baturi, haɓakar kashe kuɗi akan uranium da ƙasa mara nauyi da haɓakar jan ƙarfe.

Shekarar ma'adinai ta M&A, kashe-kashe, IPOs, da yarjejeniyar SPAC

A cikin Disamba, hasashe game da Anglo American (LON: AAL)zama makasudin kwaceta kishiya ko wani kamfani mai zaman kansa da aka ɗora, yayin da rauni a cikin hannun jarin mai hakar ma'adinai ya ci gaba.

Idan Anglo American ba ta juya ayyukanta ba kuma farashin hannun jari ya ci gaba da raguwa, manazarta Jefferies sun ce ba za su iya "kore yiwuwar cewa Anglo na da hannu a cikin babban yanayin haɓaka masana'antu ba," bisa ga bayanin binciken su.

A watan Oktoba, masu hannun jarin Newcrest Mining sun kada kuri'ar amincewa da karbar kusan dala biliyan 17 daga babban kamfanin hakar gwal na duniya Newmont Corporation.

Newmont (NYSE: NEM) yana shirin tara dala biliyan 2 a tsabar kuɗi ta hanyar siyar da ma'adinai da rarrabuwar ayyukan bayan sayan. Sayen ya kawo darajar kamfanin zuwa kusan dala biliyan 50 kuma ya ƙara ma'adanai biyar masu aiki da ci-gaba guda biyu a cikin fayil ɗin Newmont.

Breakups da spin-offs suma babban bangare ne na ci gaban kamfanoni na 2023.

Bayan da aka soke shi sau da yawa a kokarin sa na siyan duk albarkatun Teck, Glencore da abokin aikin sa na Japan suna cikin matsayi mafi kyau.don kawo tayin dala biliyan 9 na rukunin ma'adinan ma'adinai na Kanada daban-dabanzuwa kusa. Shugaban Glencore Gary Nagle na farko ga kamfanin ya fuskanci tsattsauran adawa daga gwamnatin Justin Trudeau ta Liberal da kuma firaminista na British Columbia, inda kamfanin ya ke.

Vale (NYSE: VALE) baya neman sabbin abokan tarayya don rukunin karafa na tushe biyo bayan siyar da daidaiton kwanan nan, amma yana iya yin la'akari daIPOna sashin a cikin shekaru uku ko hudu, in ji Shugaba Eduardo Bartolomeo a watan Oktoba.

Vale ta dauki tsohon shugaban kamfanin Anglo American Plc Mark Cutifani a watan Afrilu domin ya jagoranci wani kwamiti mai zaman kansa don sa ido kan rukunin tagulla da nickel na dala biliyan 26 da aka kirkira a watan Yuli lokacin da iyayen Brazil suka sayar da kashi 10% ga asusun Manara na Saudiyya.

Hannun jari a kamfanin hakar tagulla da zinare na Indonesiya, PT Amman Mineral Internasional, ya ninka fiye da sau hudu tun da aka jera a watan Yuli kuma ana sa ran zai ci gaba da karuwa bayan shigar da shi cikin manyan fitattun kasuwanni a watan Nuwamba.

Amman Mineral na dala miliyan 715 IPO ya kasance mafi girma a kudu maso gabashin Asiya mafi girman tattalin arziki a wannan shekara kuma an ƙidaya shi a kan babban buƙatun kuɗin duniya da na cikin gida.

Ba duk ma'amala ta tafi cikin kwanciyar hankali ba a wannan shekarar.

An sanar da shi a watan Yuni, yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 1 ta hanyar asusun ajiyar kuɗi na ACG Acquisition Co don siyan.nickel na Brazil da kuma ma'adinin zinare na tagulladaga Appian Capital, an dakatar da shi a watan Satumba.

Glencore, iyayen Chrysler Stellantis da kuma na'urar batir na Volkswagen PowerCo sun goyi bayan yarjejeniyar ta hanyar zuba jari, amma yayin da farashin nickel ya ragu, an sami rashin sha'awar masu saka hannun jari a matakin dalar Amurka miliyan 300 da ACG ta shirya a matsayin wani bangare na shirin. yarjejeniya.

Tattaunawar da aka yi a shekarar 2022 don samun ma'adinan ma ta ci tura bayan da mai neman Sibanye-Stillwater ya janye. Wannan ciniki yanzu shine batunshari'ar shari'abayan da Appian ya shigar da karar dala biliyan 1.2 kan mai hakar ma'adinin na Afirka ta Kudu.

Nickel hanci

A watan Afrilu, PT Trimegah Bangun Persada na Indonesiya, wanda aka fi sani da Harita Nickel, ya tara rupiah tiriliyan 10 kwatankwacin dalar Amurka miliyan 672 a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girma na farko na jama'a na Indonesia a lokacin.

Harita Nickel's IPO cikin sauri ya zama mai tsami ga masu zuba jari, duk da haka, yayin da farashin karfe ya shiga cikin tsayuwar daka mai tsayi. Nickel shine mafi munin aiki a tsakanin ƙananan karafa, kusan raguwar darajarsa bayan fara cinikin 2023 sama da $30,000 tonne.

Shekara mai zuwa ba ta da kyau ga jan ƙarfe na shaidan ko dai tare da babban mai samar da Nornickel yana annabta rarar rarar kuɗi saboda ƙarancin buƙatu daga motocin lantarki da haɓakar samarwa daga Indonesia, wanda kuma ya zo tare da kauri na cobalt:

"... saboda ci gaba da sake zagayowar ɓarna a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta EV, babban kaso na batir LFP maras nickel, da kuma wani ɗan canji daga BEV zuwa tallace-tallace na PHEV a China. A halin yanzu, ƙaddamar da sabon ƙarfin nickel na Indonesiya ya ci gaba da sauri. "

PalladiumHakanan yana da shekara mai wahala, ya ragu da sama da kashi uku a cikin 2023 duk da ƙarshen cajin da aka samu daga raguwar shekaru da yawa a farkon Disamba. Palladium ya kasance ciniki na ƙarshe akan $1,150 oza.

Kasar Sin tana jujjuya tsokar ma'adinai mai mahimmanci

A watan Yuli China ta sanar da cewa za ta dakile fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen wajebiyu m amma m karafaa wani ci gaba da yakin cinikayya kan fasaha da Amurka da Turai.

Beijing ta ce masu fitar da kayayyaki za su bukaci neman lasisi daga ma'aikatar kasuwanci idan suna son farawa ko ci gaba da jigilar gallium da germanium daga cikin kasar kuma za a bukaci su bayar da cikakkun bayanai na masu sayan ketare da aikace-aikacensu.

Kasar Sin ita ce ke kan gaba wajen samar da karafa biyu - wanda ya kai kashi 94% na samar da gallium da kashi 83% na germanium, a cewar wani binciken kungiyar Tarayyar Turai kan muhimman albarkatun kasa a bana. Ƙarfe biyun suna da ɗimbin ɗimbin amfani na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙera, kayan aikin sadarwa da tsaro.

A watan Oktoba, kasar Sin ta ce za ta bukaci izinin fitar da wasu kayayyakin graphite don kare tsaron kasa. Kasar Sin ita ce kan gaba a duniya wajen samarwa da fitar da graphite. Hakanan yana sake tace sama da kashi 90% na graphite na duniya cikin kayan da ake amfani da su a kusan dukkanin batirin EV, wanda shine ɓangaren caji mara kyau na baturi.

Amurka masu hakar ma'adinaiYa ce matakin da China ta dauka ya nuna bukatar Washington ta sassauta tsarin nazarin ba da izini. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na graphite ɗin da ake amfani da shi a Amurka yana fitowa daga China, a cewar Alliance for Innovation Automotive, wanda ke wakiltar kamfanonin samar da motoci.

A watan Disamba, Beijing ta haramta fitar da fasahohin da za su kera magnetin duniya da ba kasafai ba a ranar Alhamis, inda ta kara da cewa an riga an kafa dokar hana fasahohin hakowa da kuma raba muhimman kayayyaki.

Rare earths rukuni ne na karafa 17 da ake amfani da su don yin maganadisu da ke juya wuta zuwa motsi don amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki, injin injin iska da na lantarki.

Yayin da kasashen yammacin duniya ke kokarin kaddamar da nasuayyukan sarrafa ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, Ana sa ran haramcin zai yi tasiri mafi girma a kan abin da ake kira "nauyin kasa mai nauyi," wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin injinan motocin lantarki, na'urorin likitanci da makamai, inda kasar Sin ke da ikon sarrafa kayan aiki.

Na asali:Frik Els | www.mining.com