Menene maƙarƙashiya?
Kafin mu gano kowane nau'in crusher - muna buƙatar sanin menene abin da ake amfani da shi da kuma abin da ake amfani da shi. Na'ura ce da ke rage manyan duwatsu zuwa kananan duwatsu, tsakuwa, ko kurar dutse. Ana amfani da injin crushes a masana'antar hakar ma'adinai da gine-gine, inda ake amfani da su wajen karya manyan duwatsu da duwatsu kanana. Ana kuma amfani da crushes don ayyuka kamar fasa kwalta don aikin hanya ko ayyukan rushewa. Injin Crusher sun zo da girma da girma iri-iri, daga ƙananan muƙamuƙi masu tsada iri ɗaya da sabuwar babbar mota zuwa ƙarin manyan mazugi waɗanda suka ci miliyoyin daloli. Tare da duk wannan zaɓin za ku so ku tabbatar cewa wanda kuka zaɓa yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfin da ya dace don takamaiman aikinku. A mafi yawan lokuta, samun ƙwanƙwasa a hannunka na iya adana lokaci mai yawa da aiki tun da ba za ka yi komai ba da kanka. Wannan ya sa su zama kadara mai kima ga duk wanda zai buƙaci murkushe kayan cikin sauri da inganci.
Takaitaccen tarihin crushers
Lamban farko na Amurka don injin murkushe dutsen ya kasance a cikin 1830. Mahimmin fasaharsa ita ce manufar digo guduma, da aka samu a cikin sanannen injin niƙa, wanda za'a danganta shi akai-akai da zamanin zinare na ma'adinai. Shekaru goma bayan haka, an ba da wani haƙƙin mallaka na Amurka ga mai yin tasiri. The prim tasiri crusher an yi shi ne da wani akwati na katako, ganga na katako na silindi, tare da hammaman ƙarfe a ciki. Yayin da aka ba da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin duka biyun, babu mahalicci da ya taɓa tallata abubuwan ƙirƙira nasu.
Eli Whitney Blake ya ƙirƙira, ƙirƙira, kuma ya sayar da ainihin dutsen dutsen farko a 1858, an san shi da Blake Jaw Crusher. Blake's crusher yana da tasiri sosai wanda har yanzu ana kwatanta samfuran yau da ainihin ƙirar sa. Wannan saboda Blake Jaw Crusher ya haɗa mahimman ƙa'idodin inji - haɗin kai - ra'ayin ɗaliban injiniyoyi sun saba da su.
A cikin 1881, Philetos W. Gates ya karɓi haƙƙin mallaka na Amurka don na'urarsa wanda ke nuna ainihin ra'ayoyin masu murƙushe gyratory na yau. A shekara ta 1883 Mr. Blake ya kalubalanci Mista Gates da ya murkushe yadi mai kubik 9 na dutse a fafatawar don ganin wanda zai karasa aikin cikin sauri. Gates crusher ya kammala aikin mintuna 40 da wuri!
Masana'antar hakar ma'adinan sun fi fifita ma'adinan Gates na kusan shekaru ashirin har zuwa farkon karni, kusan 1910, lokacin da masu muƙamuƙi na Blake suka ga farfadowar shahara. Bukatar manyan muƙamuƙi na muƙamuƙi ya yi tashin gwauron zabo yayin da masana'antar ta fara fahimtar yuwuwarsu a matsayin masu muƙamuƙi na farko a cikin duwatsu. Ta hanyar bincike da haɓaka Thomas A. Edison, an ƙirƙira manyan injuna kuma an sanya su a kusa da Amurka. An kuma haɓaka ƙananan muƙamuƙi masu muƙamuƙi a matsayin masu muƙamuƙi na sakandare da na sakandare.
Nazarin Edison a fagen hakar ma'adinai da murƙushewa ya bar gado wanda har abada ya inganta yadda ake rage manyan duwatsu da kayan aiki.
Murkushewa shine tsari na ragewa ko tarwatsa abubuwa masu girma zuwa ƙaramin abu. Akwai hanyoyi guda huɗu don murkushe su.
Tasiri: Haɗuwa da manyan abubuwa nan take ga juna tare da kayan da aka sanya tsakanin. Duka abubuwa biyun suna iya motsi ko ɗaya yana iya kasancewa yayin da ɗayan ya buge shi. Akwai manyan nau'ikan rage tasiri guda biyu, nauyi da kuzari.
Attrition: Shafa abu tsakanin tabbatattun saman biyu. Wannan hanya ce da ta dace lokacin da rage ƙarancin kayan da ba a taɓa gani ba saboda yana cinye ƙarancin ƙarfi yayin aiwatarwa. Kayan aiki masu ƙarfi ba zai yi tasiri sosai ba.
Shear: Yawanci haɗe tare da sauran hanyoyin ragewa, yin sausaya yana amfani da hanyar datsa kuma ana amfani dashi lokacin da ake son sakamako mara kyau. Ana yawan ganin wannan hanyar ragewa a cikin murkushewar farko.
Matsi: Maɓalli mai mahimmanci na injin muƙamuƙi, matsawa yana rage kayan tsakanin saman biyu. Mai girma don tsananin wuya, kayan abrasive waɗanda ba su dace da ƙwanƙwasa ba. Matsi bai dace da wani abu mai tauri ko gumi ba.
Zaɓin daidai nau'in hanyar murƙushewa ya keɓanta ga nau'in kayan da kuke rushewa da samfurin da kuke so. Na gaba, dole ne ku yanke shawarar wane nau'in crusher ne ya fi dacewa da aikin. Tsayawa amfani da makamashi a cikin tunani koyaushe shine babban abin la'akari. Yin amfani da nau'in murkushe da ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da jinkiri mai tsada da kuma cinye iko fiye da yadda ake tsammani yayin aiwatarwa.
Menene nau'ikan crushers daban-daban?
Akwai kuri'a na daban-daban na crushers daga jaw crushers zuwa impactors da mazugi crushers. Crushing tsari ne mai ma'ana kuma nau'in crusher da kuke buƙata ya dogara da 'matakin' murkushewa. Manyan matakai guda uku na murkushe su su ne na firamare, da sakandare, da jami’a – dukkansu suna da nasu fa’idojin. Murkushewa na farko ya ƙunshi yin amfani da babban abu azaman ƙarfin farko don rushe manyan duwatsu masu kauri da duwatsu zuwa ƙanana kafin su hau mataki na biyu. Murkushewa na biyu yana lalata kayan har ma kafin su je matakin sakandare, wanda ke samar da mafi kyawun samfur wanda za a iya amfani da shi a cikin ayyukan masana'antu daban-daban. Kowane nau'i na crusher ga kowane takamaiman matakin murkushe an bayyana shi dalla-dalla a ƙasa.
Kayan aikin murkushe na farko
Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, irin wannan murkushewar ita ce ta farko a cikin wannan tsari. Run of Mine (ROM) kayan ana kawo su kai tsaye daga ayyukan fashewa kuma ana murƙushe maɓalli na farko don zagaye na farko na murkushewa. A wannan lokaci, kayan yana karɓar raguwa na farko a girman daga albarkatun ƙasa. Farkowar murkushewa yana samar da kayan da suka kama50 "zuwa 20"a matsakaita. Manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan muƙamuƙi na farko sune:
Muƙamuƙi crushers
Ana ciyar da abubuwa da yawa a cikin muƙamuƙin "V-dimbin yawa" na wannan murƙushewa kuma ana rage su ta amfani da ƙarfi. Ɗayan gefen V ya kasance a tsaye yayin da ɗayan ɓangaren V yana jujjuya shi. Ana tilasta kayan daga faffadan buɗewar V zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta wurin V ƙirƙirar motsi mai murkushewa. Na'urar murkushe muƙamuƙi manyan sikeli ne, injuna masu nauyi waɗanda aka saba gina su da baƙin ƙarfe da/ko ƙarfe. Sau da yawa ana la'akari da na'ura mai mahimmanci, masu murƙushe jaw suna da matsayi a cikin masana'antu. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa don rage dutse zuwa tsakuwa maras iri.
Gyratory crushers
Gudun kayan nawa ana canjawa wuri zuwa babban matakin hopper na gyratory crusher. Ganuwar hopper gyratory crusher's hopper an jera su da guntun “V-dimbin yawa”, alkyabba da mazugi, kamar muƙamuƙi amma siffa kamar mazugi. Ana fitar da ma'adinan ta cikin ƙaramin ramin fitarwa na mazugi. Yayin da mazugi baya motsawa, motsin murƙushewa na ciki yana ƙirƙira ta hanyar juyi mai juyi akan sandar tsaye. An ƙirƙiri aikin ci gaba da sa shi sauri fiye da muƙamuƙi tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. Sau da yawa karami kuma ya fi tsada fiye da muƙamuƙi, gyratory crushers sun dace da adadin kayan da yawa lokacin da mafi girman sifa shine sha'awa.
Na biyu murkushe kayan aiki
Bayan kayan sun tafi ko da yake zagaye na farko na murkushe su, ana ciyar da su a cikin injin na biyu don a fashe su gaba. Matsakaicin girman shigar da bayanai don na'urar murkushewa ta biyu ta fito ne daga13 "zuwa 4"a wannan mataki. Murkushewa na biyu yana da mahimmanci musamman don yin kayan da aka ƙididdigewa waɗanda ke gudana don amfani da ayyukan gwamnati. Misali dakataccen abu don tushen hanya da cikawa. An tattauna manyan nau'ikan injunan murƙushewa don sarrafa na biyu a ƙasa.
Mazugi crushers
Mazugi masu murƙushewa suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan zaɓi don murkushe sakandare. Mazugi na'ura ce mai ƙarfi da ake amfani da ita a manyan masana'antu don murƙushe nau'ikan kayan aiki zuwa ƙananan girma. Yana aiki ta hanyar matsa lamba akan kayan da matse shi a kan rigar juyawa don haifar da matsawa da ƙarfi. An fara rushe kayan da aka murkushe a saman mazugi inda suka fada cikin wani yanki na mazugi wanda ya fi kunkuntar. A wannan lokacin mazugi mai murƙushewa yana sake murkushe kayan zuwa ƙarami. Wannan yana ci gaba har sai kayan yana da ƙananan isa ya faɗo daga buɗewar ƙasa. Ana iya amfani da kayan daga mazugi don ɗimbin ayyuka daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da tushen hanya akan ayyukan gine-gine, sake fasalin kwalta, ko cikin ramukan tsakuwa don gina hanya. Mazugi crushers sun dace da matsakaici-wuya da kayan wuya - kamar dutsen budurwa daga quaries.
Roller crushers
Abin nadi nadi yana rage abu ta hanyar matsawa tsakanin silinda guda biyu masu juyawa, a layi daya da juna. Ana ɗora silinda a kwance tare da tsayawa ɗaya akan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu ƙarfi, ɗayan kuma an tsara shi har abada. Ana ciyar da kayan a tsakanin su biyun. Canza nisa tsakanin rollers yana ba ku damar sarrafa girman fitarwar kayan da ake so. Ana gyara kowace silinda cikin sauƙi kuma an yi liyi tare da manganese don iyakar lalacewa na dogon lokaci. Roller crushers yawanci suna isar da ingantaccen kayan aiki kuma basu dace da kayan wuya ko ƙurajewa ba.
Guduma niƙa da tasiri crushers
Daya daga cikin mafi m crushers samuwa, guduma niƙa da kuma tasiri na iya zama firamare, sakandare, da kuma manyan crushers. Masu injin niƙa guduma suna amfani da ci gaba da bugun guduma don wargajewa da tarwatsa kayan. Yawanci suna juyawa a kwance a cikin rumbun silinda da ke kewaye. Ana haɗe hammasu zuwa faifai kuma suna lilo da ƙarfi na centrifugal a kan rumbun. Ana ciyar da kayan cikin sama kuma ana murƙushe faɗuwar ta cikin rami a ƙasa. Za ku ga ana amfani da injinan guduma a masana'antu kamar noma, likitanci, makamashi, da sauran su. Suna samar da wasu mafi girman kayan aiki da ake samu, ana iya ɗauka, kuma suna iya ɗaukar kusan kowane abu.
Tasirin crushers suna da ka'idar aiki iri ɗaya sai dai a maimakon sassa masu juyawa suna bugun kayan kamar guduma, maimakon haka sai su jefa kayan a kan farantin tasiri wanda ke rushe shi. Har ila yau, suna zuwa cikin jeri a kwance ko a tsaye dangane da abin da ake so.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-02-2024